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In Hindu mythology three important powers are perceived as the Preserver, Protector of the Humanity and Destroyer of Evil. These are Trimurtis namely, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
It is believed and mentioned in the Hindu scriptures that whenever there are evil powers present on Earth🌏 that threatens the entire humanity, then Lord Vishnu comes in the form of a particular incarnation and Avatar and kills the evil spirits on Earth and brings back the good times. So, basically he is the Protector of the humanity. These incarnations are known as Avatars, which means different forms to achieve the same goal of destroying the bad elements.
An avatar refers to the appearance of manifestation of God in an earthly forms. Though the most people are familiar with the avatars of Lord Vishnu and other deities like Shiva, Brahma and Goddess Parvati too have taken many Avatars, according to Hindu mythology.
Vishnu's avatars are of different types. The first chapter of Goloka Kanda of Garga Samhitha Narada mentions different types of avatars like Sakshaty Avatar and Avesa Avatar.
When Vishnu himself comes down to earth, Taking forms like Krishna, Rama and Narasimha, it is Sakshaty Avatara. When Vishnu indirectly empowers someone to represent him, that entity is an Avesa Avatara. Sage Narada, Vyasa and Parashurama are examples of the latter.
Amshavatars and Purna Avatar are 2 sub-categories of Sakshaty Avatar.
1. Purna Avatar : All qualities of Lord Vishnu find expressions, eg., Rama, Krishna and Narasimha avatars.
2. Amshavatars : Vishnu takes form directly, he manifests only partially, eg.,Matsya, Kurma and Varaha avatars.
In Srimad Bhagavatham, Canto 1, Chapter3, says that Lord Vishnu has numerous incarnations. It also mentions around 24 avatars, which are some of the important ones. Among them 10 are well known and they are known as Dashavataras. Here is a list of Dashavataras.
1. Matsya Avatara - The Fish
2. Kurma Avatara - The Turtle
3. Varaha Avatara - The Boar
4. Narasimha Avatara - The Man-Lion
5. Vamana Avatara - The Dwarf
6. Parashuram Avatara - The Warrior
7. Rama Avatara - The Perfect Man
8. Krishna Avatara -The Divine Statesman
9. Buddha Avatara - The Teacher
10. Kalki Avatara - The Slayer.
The other less known 14 Avatars are:
- Adi Purush Avatara
- 4 Kumaras Avatara
- Narad Avatara
- Nara Narayan Avatara
- Kapila Avatara
- Dattatreya Avatara
- Yajna Avatara
- Rishabha Avatara
- Prithu Avatara
- Dhanvantari Avatara
- Mohini Avatara
- Hayagreeva Avatara
- Vyasa Avatara
- Balarama Avatara.
Human being is the super most living being out of eighty four lakhs of janmam in the earth🌏. There are egg-born🥚, seed-born🌱, sweat-born💦 and womb-born each have 21 lakhs of births. The destiny of each birth is according to the Karma done in the said birth or earlier births.
Lord Vishnu is the Section Head to protect the living beings. Under him dhoothas or Disciples entrusted to spread the avatar one could escape from the benefit of karma whether good or bad. They will have the rebirth according to the karma they did in the past births. Only Human birth, which is in the top of all 84 lakh births in which a human given with the power of realization whether it is good karma or bad karma and whether we can do it or not etc., This distinguish cannot be done in any other births. We can see a small but simple example, when we see an ugly item or gutter water on the road we human, normally cross it or go by side of it but a dog or buffalo walks through that without minding the dirt.
To cross over this human birth we have no option to do honest things and always in the thinking of Paramatma, the God. Our Atma is a part and parcel of Paramatma and to reach him we have to do the needful by differentiating the good and bad karmas and always to do a good deed, that is what carries and get returned in the best way.
To ensure this, Bhagwan Vishnu took avatar of Rama, Krishna and lived in the earth as human beings to eradicate Duratmas like Ravana and Duryodhana etc., They also got suffered in several ways and they did so to just make ourselves to realize that if we do bad karmas we have to suffer accordingly.We Hindus, believe in Dana(Giving) and Dharma( Religious Duty), Dharma has wide variety of meanings such as eternal law, conduct, behavior, morality, moral duties and righteousness. Everything gets counted and calculated by our deeds. So, that is why our elders, ancestors used to tell in the form of moral stories/examples to always work for a good cause and never harm anyone knowingly or unknowingly. If you have done good deeds, it will comeback in a very good way and vice-versa works for the bad karmas. So, always give a thought before doing any sort of bad karmas and never give a single thought before doing any good karmas. I personally believe in following good karma.
Dashavatara Stotra
Pralaya-payodhi-jale dhritavan asi vedam
vihita vahitra caritram akhedamkesava dhrita mina sarira jaya jagadisa hare (1)
Kshitir iha vipulatare tishthati tava prishthe
dharani dharana kina cakra garishthe
kesava dhrita kurma sarira jaya jagadisa hare (2)
Vasati dasana sikhare dharani tava lagna
sasini kalanka kaleva nimagna
kesava dhrita sukara rupa jaya jagadisa hare (3)
Tava kara kamala vare nakham adbhuta sringam
dalita hiranyakasipu tanu-bhringam
kesava dhrita narahari rupa jaya jagadisa hare (4)
Chalayasi vikramane balim adbhuta vamana
pada nakha nira janita jana pavana
kesava dhrita vamana rupa jaya jagadisa hare (5)
Kshatriya rudhira maye jagad apagata papam
snapayasi payasi samita bhava tapam
kesava dhrita bhrigupati rupa jaya jagadisa hare (6)
Vitarasi dikshu rane dikpati kamaniyam
dasa mukha mauli balim ramaniyam
kesava dhrita rama sarira jaya jagadisa hare (7)
Vahasi vapushi visade vasanam jaladabham
hala hati bhiti milita yamunabham
kesava dhrita haladhara rupa jaya jagadisa hare (8)
Nindasi yajna vidher ahaha sruti jatam
sadaya hridaya darsita pasu ghatam
kesava dhrita buddha sarira jaya jagadisa hare (9)
Mleccha nivaha nidhane kalayasi karavalam
dhumaketum iva kim api karalam
kesava dhrita kalki sarira jaya jagadisa hare (10)
sri jayedeva kaver idam uditam udaram
srinu sukha dam subha dam bhava saram
kesava dhrita dasa vidha rupa jaya jagadisa hare (11)
Vedan uddharate jaganti vahate bhu golam udbibhrate
daityam darayate balim chalayate kshatra kshayam kurvate
paulastyam jayate halam kalayate karunyam atanvate
mlecchan murchayate dasakriti krite krishnaya tubhyam namah (12)
(Gita Govinda)
Rishis or Sages chose 10 Avataras from the innumerable incarnations of Vishnu to the represent the rest, these 10 Avataras are called as Dashavathara. The List of Dashavatharas of Vishnu is introduced in Garuda Purana(1st millennium BCE). Each avataras varies by sect and areas, Though no list can be provided as unambiguously as standard, the most accepted list is found in Puranas and other scriptures. Each incarnation's narrative refers to a specific point in a history where and when they are required the most. This is referred to by some as the celestial cycle or the Time-Spirit. The avataras are supposed to re-establish the Dharma, the course of righteousness or universal laws revealed in in Hindu scriptures, regardless of their specific goal or period. The avatars narratives, purpose, myth and stories continue to be essential allegories in Hinduism. The 10 most important Avatars of Bhagwan Vishnu images and the descriptions are noted here.
The Matsya Avatar
Bhagavan chrotum icchami
harer adbhuta karmanah
avatara katham adyam
maya matsya vidambanam
yad artham adadhad rupam
matsyam loka jugupsitam
tamah prakrti durmarsam
karma grasta ivesvarah
(Srimad Bhagavatham)
It is said that, during the Satya Yuga, people on earth had become irreligious and disorderly they way they lived their lives and this Satya Yuga was about to end. Lord Brahma after a day full of creation, was tired enough. He went to a deep sleep and was snoring loudly. During this time an asura/demon named Hayagriva (not to be confused with Lord Hayagreeva, Lord Vishnu's another avathar) emerged from Brahma's nose👃.While the Brahma was asleep, demon thought this is the right time to take in all the knowledge of the Vedas. Later, to feel secured Demon hid himself deep inside the ocean, thinking nobody could catch him.
But nothing can be hidden from Trimurthis , because they know every bit in any kind of circumstances. Lord Vishnu saw all these and was worried regarding the Vedas, the knowledge of the vedas could not be passed on to the upcoming yuga. As a Preserver, it was his job to make it survive for next Yuga.
Lord Vishnu looked at King Manu 👑, who was performing penance and smiled, thinking Vedas can be saved by this king. In the morning King went to the river to do his rituals, he took a handful of water and held it high above his head and offered to Lord Vishnu to mark the beginning of his prayer. He was about to pour the water back to the river, he heard a tiny voice from his hands "Oo King👑 , Kindly don't put me back in the river..."
Astonished Manu stared at his palms, there he found a tiny fish 🐠, squirming. The tiny fish🐠 looked at the King and said "Don't put me back into the river, as there are many bigger fishes🐠, which will eat me....!" Generous king looked at the tiny fish 🐠 and felt pity, so he put that in his Kamandalam ( A small jug with water carried by sages). Soon the fish 🐠outgrew and moved it to a tank, river and then to the ocean. Fish grown in the ocean as a gigantic one, full one side of the ocean. Looking at the gigantic fish, the King Manu was astonished and realised that fish 🐠 itself was a Lord Vishnu Bhagwan. He bowed before the fish🐠, " Narayana !, you are Narayana... My lord! you have granted me, my only desire, I want nothing more. What do you want me to do now? " Manu said prostrating before the fish🐠.
Fish then told Manu that a deluge would destroy all life within seven days and thats the end of Satya Yug, so I want you to build an ark to carry all seeds, medicinal herbs and which is also accompanied by seven Saints, serpent Vasuki 🐍 and other animals. Fish did its job and then headed towards the asur, who was guarding the Vedas, the Hayagriva . The Demon was scared to see the Giant fish🐠(Lord Vishnu) and after the futile struggle the Demon was dead, the Vedas were handed over to Lord Brahma.
On the other Manu completely built an ark and brought the Sages with their families as guided by Lord Vishnu. Soon there were torrential rains, high tides which washed away everything and was flooded. The Lord Vishnu in Matsya 🐠 form tied to Manu's ark using Vasuki 🐍 as a rope and saved them from the deadly storms and floods. When the storms ended and water subsided, Matsya Vishnu left Manu and others at the Himalayas , there began the human civilization again.
The Kurma Avatar
Tatrapi devasambhutyam
vairajasyabhavat sutah
ajito nama bhagavam amsena jagatah
payodhim yena nirmathya suranam saditha sudha
bhramamano mbhasi dhrtah Kurma rupena mandarah
(Srimad Bhagavatham)
In the sixth Manvanthara, Lord Vishnu appeared in his partial expansion as Kurma avatar. He appeared as a son of Vairaja from the womb of Devasambhuti. Lord Ajitha induced the churning of the ocean of milk and produced nectar for the demigods. Taking the form of Kurma on his back, the great mountain called as Mandaara.
Once Sage Durvasa met Demigod Indra, the King of heavens. The sage greeted king with a garland. Indra was very proud and did not pay any attention to the sage. Trivializing the garland, he placed on the trunk of his white elephant 🐘 (Airavat). This Airavat 🐘 immediately flicked and trampled onto the ground. Noticing all these, Sage Durvasa was annoyed at his discourteous treatment so the sage immediately cursed the Indra by swearing, 'Be bereft of all your opulence' . Knowing this curse, Demons attacked and won over Demigods, who suffered a humiliating defeat. Many Demigods lost their lives in the battle. Though the sages tried to revive them, it was highly impossible to get them back to life.
On the advice of creator Lord Brahma , the Demigods headed to the Swethadweepa, situated on the ocean of milk. The Demi gods offered many prayers to protector Lord Vishnu. Being satisfied with the prayers Kshirodakshayi Vishnu appeared before them. Vishnu suggested that Demons had become very powerful at that time and hence the Demigods should make peace with them. Lord Vishnu expressed that the demigods and demons should churn the ocean of milk, to fetch the nectar of immortality. Lord Vishnu instructed that Mandaara mountain 🗻 to be used as churning rod, while the serpent Vasuki🐍 to be used as churning rope. Lord Vishnu even instructed that they should neither object nor show anger with demons and Supreme Lord disappeared thereafter.
Accordingly, Lord Indra then made a truce with Bali Maharaja, the king of Demons. The decision to churn the ocean was made on the condition that whatever nectar would be produced while churning, that will be shared by both Demigods and Demons. Bali was interested and agreed for Indra's deal. As, he had a mindset, that they can easily steal from the weakened Demigods. Finally, Indra and Bali agreed and signed for the truce.
Several Demons and Demigods lost their lives, while trying to lift up Mandaara mountain 🗻. Lord Vishnu revived them, with his super power. Then Lord Vishnu picked up with ease and placed the Mandaara 🗻 near the ocean of milk. Serpent Vasuki 🐍 wrapped around like a rope. The Demons held the hood of the serpent while the Demigods grasped the tail. Then they started churning, gradually the Mount Mandaara 🗻 began to sink into the ocean. Everyone was frustrated, then the Supreme Lord Vishnu assumed the wonderful form of Kurma Avatar( Tortoise 🐢 Incarnation) and lifted the 100 yojanas width of Mount Mandaara 🗻 easy-peasy.
At first, the churning the ocean of milk produced the deadly black poison that floated that imperiled the entire world. Then the Demigods sought help, merciful Shiva drank the whole Halahal. The Goddess Parvathi was super frustrated by this, So she held the neck of Lord Shiva . To avoid that to enter the whole body. That turned out to be blue at the throat part, so Lord Shiva was renamed as 'Neelakant'.
As the churning continued, many wonderful treasures brought up from the depths,
1. Chandra, The Moon🌙.
2. Parijata , a beautiful and fragrant tree now planted in Indra’s heaven.
3. The four-tusked elephant Airavata 🐘, Indra’s mount
4. Kamadhenu 🐄, the cow of plenty
5. Madira 🍷, the goddess of wine, who became Varuni, the wife of Varuna,
6. Kalpavriksha , the wish-fulfilling tree.
7. The Apsaras💃 (celestial dancers)
8. The celestial Horse 🐎, Uccaihshravas
9. The goddess Lakshmi , who became Vishnu’s wife.
10. Panchajanya 🐚, Vishnu’s conch
11. Vishnu’s mace and magic bow 🏹.
12. Various wonderful gems ♢🔷🔸.
13-14. The Dhanvantri, the physician of the gods, who rose up out of the waters carrying in his hands the supreme treasure, the Amruta 🍯.
Finally, a beautiful blackish figure, clothed in yellow garments, carried a golden pot 🍯 filled with the nectar of immortality(Amrutha).
When everyone was eagerly waiting, worth the effort. Demons were jealous, they seized the pot and ran off, then after seeking the help from Lord Bhagvan Vishnu took an enchanting form of Mohini, a blackish woman👩 dressed in a crimson saree and wearing the golden bangles and feminine charms seeked the attention of the demons. Demons quarreled among themselves over who would taste the nectar first. Being unaware of Mohini's identity they handed over the pot of nectar 🍯 and asked to settle their dispute. Mohini asked everyone to sit in a row, She conveyed the Demons that the Demigods are greedy of this nectar, so she would give them just a little, at first. Mohini started praising the demons so this deceived them to wait for their turn. once all the Demigods got the amrit, Lord Vishnu took his actual form. Demons understood they had been tricked . The Demigods, having tasted the nectar, already turned immortal and retained the heavens.
This is how Lord Vishnu took form of Kurma 🐢 and Mohini avatar to protect and upheld the righteousness.
The Varaha Avatar
Dvitiiyam Tu Bhavaaya-Asya Rasaatala-Gataam Mahiim
Uddharissyann-Upaadatta Yajnyeshah Saukaram Vapuh
(Srimad Bhagavatham)
The incarnation of Vishnu, the Varaha 🐗, for the welfare of this world, the Earth🌏 had been to Rasathala (Another World) by being captivated by the demon. Lifting the Earth🌏 on the tusks, the Boar 🐗( Vishnu incarnation) protected the life on Earth🌏 from the evil.
Vishnu resides in Vaikunta and Ksheera Samudra(Ocean of Milk). Vaikunta will be guarded by two gatekeepers, Jaya and Vijaya. They loved Lord Vishnu and felt honoured that they were protecting him. Its Jaya and Vijaya's job to allow every person who had grievance to see the Lord. Because Lord Vishnu's time is very precious and could not be wasted.
One day when the 4 sons of Lord Brahma came to visit Lord Vishnu, they were stopped by Jaya and Vijaya, as they knew its Vishnu's nap time. The door keepers words provoked the ire of Brahma's sons, they cursed Jaya and Vijaya to be born as humans on Earth🌏. Guards pleaded them but Lord Brahma's son wouldn't listen.
Lord Vishnu after hearing the noise, reached the spot and apologized his guards, saying they were doing their duty. But the curse can't be taken back saying this Lord Brahma's sons left the place. After the Lord Vishnu guided them that the curse will be lifted if you both get killed with my hand in Human form.
Later, both Jaya and Vijaya born as brothers named Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashyap. Hiranyaksha was the great devotee of Lord Brahma, in return he was blessed with a boon. According to the boon, no God, Human, Demon, Demi God, Animal or beast would kill him. With this strength, Hiranyaksha become vigour and started torturing the people on Earth🌏 , with his immortality. His powers grew by the day. He was such a giant that mother Earth🌏 trembled when he walked and sky cracked when he shouted.
He started harassing devtas and invaded Indra's palace. Fearing for their lives, devtas took shelter in the caves of mountain ranges of earth. To harass devtas, Hiranyaksha grabbed Earth🌏 and submerged it in Paathal lok. Earth🌏 sank to the bottom of the ocean.
Manu and his wife Shatarupa was ruling over Earth🌏 at this time, they reached and pleaded Lord Brahma to rescue the Mother Earth🌏 and their lives. Lord Brahma worried and thought Hiranyaksha couldn't be destroyed by him, as Lord Brahma already gave him a boon. So Lord Brahma thought for seeking Lord Vishnu's help.
Lord Brahma meditated on Lord Vishnu, a tiny Boar 🐗 fell from his nostrils. Wondering what that creature was, it grew and grew till it was a size of a large mountain 🗻. Then Lord Vishnu said, "It's me and I will enter into the ocean to uplift the Mother Earth🌏 ". Accordingly Boar🐗 lifted the Mother Earth🌏 through its tusk and placed gently on its axis and blessed her. Lord Vishnu then turned towards Hiranyaksha. The demon threw mace at the boar🐗, but the boar 🐗 stepped aside and raised his mace. They fought for a long time with their mace. Seeing this, Lord Brahma guided Lord Vishnu, that he has an hour before sunset, to destroy the demon before its dark. So that he gets no opportunity to resort his black magic. Then, Lord Vishnu in Boar🐗 form hit Hiranyaksha hard on his face with his fist and tossed him in the air. He fell over his head and died on the spot.
By this way, Manu got his Earth🌏 back and Demi gods were rescued and got back their Heaven. Once again, Lord Vishnu saved humanity from evil by slaying the Demon by taking the third incarnation of Dashavathara.
The Narasimha Avatar
Ugram Veeram MahaVishnum Jwalantham Sarvathomukam
Nrsimham Bhishanam Badram Mrutyor Mrutyur namamyaham ||
(Narasimha Purvatapini Upanishad)
The incarnation of Vishnu, The Narasimha, a half-man and half-lion to protect his devotee Prahlada and restore cosmic order.
Prahlada, the young son of the demon king Hiranyakashipu, was a devoted follower of Lord Vishnu. His father, Hiranyakashipu, despised Vishnu and sought to eliminate his son's devotion. He believed he was invincible due to a boon granted by Lord Brahma, which made him immune to being killed by gods, humans, or animals.
Hiranyakashipu subjected Prahlada to various forms of torture and punishment, but the young boy's unwavering faith in Lord Vishnu remained unshaken. This enraged Hiranyakashipu even more, and he decided to put an end to Prahlada's devotion once and for all.
One day, Hiranyakashipu confronted Prahlada and questioned him where his Lord Vishnu was ? Prahlada replied that Vishnu was omnipresent and resided in every corner of the Universe. Furious, Hiranyakashipu demanded that Prahlada show him Vishnu in a near by pillar.
Prahlada prayed to Lord Vishnu, who then manifested himself in the form of half-human and half-lion, i.e., in the form of Lord Narasimha, a fearsome form with the body of a man and the head of a lion, emerging from the pillar. This form was a unique combination that could bypass Hiranykashipu's boon, as it was neither god, human, nor an animal.
In a terrifying battle, Narasimha attacked Hiranyakashipu at twilight( neither day nor night), on the threshold of the palace( neither inside nor outside), and placed him on his lap (neither on the ground nor in the sky). Narasimha then used his sharp claws to tear apart the demon King, thus fulfilling the conditions of the boon.
Lord Narasimha's roar shook the heavens, and his appearance instilled awe in all who witnessed it. Despite his fearsome form, he gently cradled Prahlada, rewarding the young devotee for his unwavering faith.
In a fierce battle, Lord Narasimha defeated Demon Hiranyakashipu and ultimately dispatched him. This event symbolizes the triumph of good or evil, righteousness over unrighteousness, and the power of devotion.
The Narasimha avatar symbolizes the idea that when evil becomes unchecked and threatens the balance of the universe, Lord Vishnu takes on various forms to restore order and protect his devotees. It also highlights the significance of unwavering faith and devotion, as Prahlada's devotion to Vishnu saved him even in the face of extreme adversity.
The Lord Narasimha avatar is celebrated during the Hindu festival of Narasimha Jayanthi, i.e., on the Vaishaka Shukla Chaturdashi, which marks as the appearance day of Lord Narasimha. This avatar serves as a reminder of the divine's ability to manifest in various forms to uphold Dharma and protect the righteousness.
The Vamana Avatar
Trailokyadhipater dharmamahityam
vikriyamanam tava pratigrahena |
yadyannimittam jagatam traynam
sarvatmana gudham ivapi yatpadam ||
Once upon a time, in a world filled with Gods, Demons and Humans, there lived a Demon King named Bali. King Bali was a mighty and generous ruler who had gained control over all three realms - Heaven, Earth and Netherworld - through his strength and benvolence. Despite being a demon, Bali was known for his unwavering devotion to the gods.
As Bali's power grew, the gods became concerned. They knew that if he continued to expand his influence, he could pose a threat to the balance of the universe. The gods sought the help of Lord Vishnu, the preserver of the Universe, to deal with this situation.
In response to their plea, Lord Vishnu decided to intervene. He hatched a plan to humble King Bali and restore balance to the cosmos. Vishnu chose to take the form of a dwarf Brahmin boy named Vamana.
One day, Vamana arrived at Bali's grand yajna (sacrifice) ceremony. The event was magnificient, with offerings of gold, jewels and other precious items. Bali true to his generous nature, was giving away gifts to all who came. His fame for generosity had spread far and wide.
Vaman, with his radiant appearance and childlike innocence, caught the attention of everyone at the yajna, including King Bali. The young Brahmin approached Bali and said, "O Great King, I have come to seek your charity. All I ask for is three paces of land measure by my footsteps👣".
Bali, who was known for never refusing anyone's request, smiled kindly and agreed to grant Vamana's wish. He thought, "What harm could this small Brahmin boy do?"
However, as soon as Bali granted the request, a miraculous transformation began to take place. Vamana started to grow in size, and with each step, his form expanded to unimaginable proportions. His first step covered the entire Earth🌏 , and his second step reached the farthest corners of the Heavens. The Gods and Demons watched in awe and amazement as Vamana's divine form filled the cosmos. Realizing that this was no ordinary Brahmin but Lord Vishnu himself, Bali fell at Vamana's feet with a gentle smile, Vamana said, "Bali, I am pleased with your generosity and devotion. There is no space left for my third step. You have surrendered everything, including yourself."
Bali, in a selfless act of surrender, offered his own head as the place for Vamana's third step. Vishnu's third step landed on Bali's head, pushing into the netherworld.
Bali, though banished from his Kingdom, was not abandoned by Lord Vishnu. Pleased with his humility, Vishnu granted Bali a boon. He allowed Bali to visit his Kingdom, Patala, once a year, maintaining a balance between the heavens and the netherworld.
And so, Vamana, in his dwarf form, became asymbol of humility and power of devotion. He reminded all beings that the divine could appear in any form to protect righteousness and maintain cosmic harmony. The story of Vamana continues to be a cherished tale of Hindu mythology, teaching us the valuable lesson of surrender and humility in the face of the Divine.
The story of Vamana and King Mahabali teaches important lessons about humility, righteousness and the balance between power and humility. It also underscores the concept of Dharma( duty and righteousness) and the role of divine incarnations in preserving cosmic order. This tale is celebrated during the Onam festival in Kerala, India, where people rejoice, feasting and commemorating the return of their beloved King Bali every year.
The Parashurama Avatar
Vishnordatto mahatmano jatakarna prajapate |
Avayriya mahteja yugante sacracaram ||
"Born as the great soul, the son of Vishnu, the one with ears like a newborn, O lord of creation, having descended with great radiance, you sustain both the animate and inanimate being till the end of the ages."
This shloka glorifies Lord Parashurama as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and acknowledges his divine mission to protect and sustain all beings throughout the ages.
Lord Parashurama is the sixth avatar of Lord Vishnu in Hindu mythology. Born to the sage Jamadagni and Renuka, known for their priestly and scholarly pursuits, Parashurama was a Brahmin with extraordinary martial prowess. Despite being born in a Brahmin family, Parashurama possessed unparalleled warrior skills and received a divine axe(Parashu) from Lord Shiva.
His story begins with a combination of his birth, his upbringing and the circumstances that led him to become the warrior with an axe. Rishi Jamadagni and Renuka were devout Brahmins who lived in a hermitage in the forests. They led a simple and pious life. Renuka was known for her chastity and purity. One day while she was fetching water from the river, she saw a celestial couple, a Gandharva and his Apsara wife, indulging in amorous activities. Her mind momentarily wavered, which led to impurities in her thought. When she returned to the ashram, Rishi Jamadagni realized this change in her mental state and considered it a breach of her purity. He ordered his sons to behead their mother as punishment for her momentary lapse.
All of Jamadgni's sons, except Parashurama, refused to obey the gruesome order. Impressed by Parashuram's unwavering obedience and devotion, Jamadagni granted him a boon. Parashurama asked for her life to be restored, and the sage granted this wish.
Parashurama's devotion to his father and adherance to dharma pleased Lord Shiva. In recognition of this devotion, Lord Shiva gave Parashurama a divine axe, the Parashu, as a boon. This axe became his signature weapon and symbol of power.
The story of Parashurama's aversion to the warrior class, the Kshatriyas centers on a powerful king named Kartavirya Arjuna. This king was known for his tyranny and oppression. One day, he came across the ashram of Jamadagni and was mesmerized by the divine cow, Kamadhenu, that provided unlimited riches to the sage's household.
Kartavirya Arjuna demanded the cow, but Jamadagni refused. In retaliation, the King forcefully took the cow, which enraged Parashurama upon his return to the ashram. In a fit of anger, Parashurama slew Kartavirya Arjuna and his entire army with his axe, thus avenging the wrong done to his family.
Parashurama's fury against Kshatriyas didn't end with the death of Kartavirya Arjuna. He vowed to rid the earth of oppressive warrior kings. He embarked on a mission to defeat 21 generations of Kshatriyas, filling five lakes with their blood. This period of his life is marked by intense battles and fierce conflicts.
After completing his mission, Parashurama decided to renounce the world and retire to the Mahendra mountains to meditate. He offered the purified land to the Brahmins and handed over the leadership of the land to other capable rulers.
During his meditation, Lord Parashurama was visited by Lord Rama, the seventh avatar of Vishnu, who sought his guidance on the proper use of the divine bow. Parashurama imparted his knowledge and blessings to Lord Rama, making their encounter a significant moment in Hindu mythology.
Parashurama is revered for his dedication to Dharma(righteousness) and his unflinching commitment to protecting the Brahmin caste. His story underscores the importance of upholding justice and fighting against oppression. He is often seen as a symbol of divine rage and unwavering devotion to duty.
In summary, the Parashurama avatar is a tale of a Brahmin warrior who rose to confront tyranny, protect his family and fulfill his divine mission of cleansing the world of oppressive rulers. His legacy as a warrior with an axe and a devoted son of Lord Vishnu continues to be celebrated in Hindu culture and mythology. He incarnated to rid the world of corrupt and oppressive Kshatriya rulers. Parashurama's relentless pursuit of justice and Dharma is a central theme of his avatar. This avatar teaches us about the necessity of preserving Dharma( righteousness) through action.
The Rama Avatar
Raghukala ratna shri rama chandrah jagatamana Sarvadevataatma |
Lokaabhiramam shri rama chandra sharanam prapadye sadaatma yogi ||
"This shloka praises Lord Rama as the embodiment of virtue and the object of devotion for countless people. It highlights his divine qualities and his statue as the supreme deity, making it a beautiful expression of devotion to Lord Rama."
Lord Rama, the seventh avatar, is a beloved figure of Hinduism. His life, as narrated in the epic Ramayana, showcases his unwavering commitment to Dharma, Duty and righteousness. Lord Vishnu incarnated as Rama to defeat the demon King Ravana and establish Dharma. His life and teachings are primarily documented in the epic poem, the Ramayana, composed by the sage Valmiki.
Rama was born in Ayodhya, an ancient city in northern India. His birth was celebrated as a divine event, as he was believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, born to King Dasharatha and Queen Kaushalya. Rama was known for his exceptional qualities, including physical strength, intelligence and a strong sense of righteousness. His birth anniversary is celebrated as Rama Navami.
Rama's avatar had a specific mission to defeat the powerful demon King, Ravana. Ravana had accumulated immense power and had become a tyrant, causing suffering and unrest. Lord Rama's divine purpose was to vanquish Ravana and eliminate the evil that had taken root.
Rama's life takes a dramatic turn when he is exiled from his kingdom by his father, King Dasharath, due to a promise he made a queen Kaikeyi. Rama accepts this with a grace and goes to exile for 14 years, accompanied by his wife Sita and his devoted brother Lakshmana. During their exile, Sita is kidnapped by the demon King Ravana and taken to Lanka, leading to Rama's quest to rescue her.
Rama, with the help of an army of Vanaras( Monkey warriors), including the devoted Hanuman, defeats Ravana and rescues Sita. This victory signifies the triumph of Dharma (righteousness) over Adharma (unrighteousness) and serves as a central theme in the Ramayana.
After Rama's victorious return, he is crowned as the king of Ayodhya. His rule is characterized by justice, virtue and concern for his subjects well-being. The Kingdom of Rama, known as "Rama Rajya", is often held up as an ideal and harmonious state of governance.
Rama's life and actions are filled with moral and ethical lessons. His unwavering commitment to Dharma, love for his family and compassion for all beings serve as a model for how to live a righteous and virtuous life. His adherence to truth, even in difficult circumstances is a defining feature of his character.
Rama is regarded as the embodiment of divine virtue and the ultimate example of a noble and just ruler. His story has been a source of inspiration for generations, and he is revered as a symbol of righteousness, selflessness and devotion.
Lord Rama's legacy extends far beyond the boundaries of religion. His story and teachings are cherished not only by Hindus but by people of various backgrounds and beliefs. The Ramayana has been retold and reinterpreted in a countless forms across South and South-East Asia and the character of Rama remains a beloved and admired figure worldwide.
In essence, Lord Rama's life and teachings stand as a testament to the enduring power of righteousness and the timeless values of truth, duty and virtue. His story continues to be a source of inspiration and guidance for those seeking a path of ethical and moral living.
In summary, Lord Rama's avatar was a divine intervention by Lord Vishnu to restore Dharma, eliminate evil and provide humanity with a moral and ethical guide. His life and teachings continue to serve as an eternal source of inspiration, guiding people toward a path of righteousness and virtuous living.
The Krishna Avatar
Yada yadahi dharmasya glanir bhavati Bharata |
abhyuttanam adharmasya tadatmanam srujamyaham ||
(Bhagavad Gita)
This shloka said by Lord Sri Krishna to Prince Arjuna, "Whenever their is decline in righteousness and and an increase in unrighteousness, O Arjuna, at that time I manifest myself on Earth🌏 "
The Bhagavad Gita is full of such verses and teachings that praise Lord Krishna and provide spiritual insights, making it one of the most revered texts in Hinduism. It signifies that Lord Krishna's promise to incarnate whenever there is a decline in Dharma and an increase in Adharma to restore balance and guide humanity.
The Lord Krishna avatar is the eighth incarnation of Lord Vishnu in Hinduism, and it holds a special place in the hearts of devotees. Lord Krishna was born in Mathura to King Vasudeva and Queen Devaki. His birth took place under miraculous circumstances in a prison cell, he was subsequently raised in the village of Gokul by his foster parents, Nanda and Yashoda. Krishna's divine birth and childhood exploits are celebrated and revered.
Krishna's childhood is filled with divine and playful activities, known as "leelas." He is renowned for his enchanting flute music♮, mischievous pranks and his close association with the cowherd girls👧(Gopis) and cowherd boys👦 (Gopas). The stories of his childhood leelas are a source of joy and devotion for his followers.
Lord Krishna is often depicted playing a flute and wearing peacock feather in his crown 👑. These symbols are iconic representations of his divine charm and grace.
One of the most profound aspects of Krishna's avatar is his role as the charioteer in Kurukshtra and spiritual guide to Prince Arjuna in the "Bhagavad Gita," is a central aspect of his avatar. In this sacred text, Krishna imparts spiritual wisdom, addressing themes like duty, righteousness and the path to spiritual realization. The Bhagavad Gita is considered a timeless guide to leading a righteous life.
Krishna played a crucial role in the great epic, the Mahabharata, by guiding the Pandavas in their battle against the Kauravas. His divine intervention helped ensure the victory of Dharma over Adharma.
Krishna's love for Radha and their divine union is celebrated as a symbol of the soul's yearning for the divine. It is a central theme in devotional and romantic poetry, especially in the context of the Bhakti movement.
Krishna's avatar transcends religious and cultural boundaries. His teachings on love, devotion and the pursuit of spiritual truth have universal appeal. He is revered as a symbol of love, compassion and the ultimate source of spiritual wisdom.
In summary, Lord Krishna's avatar is cherished for his divine childhood, impart spiritual wisdom, divine intervention to restore Dharma, guide humanity on the path of righteousness and defeat the forces of evil and the universal messages of love and devotion. His teachings in the Bhagavad Gita and divine plays continue to inspire devotion and serve as a source of spiritual enlightenment for people of various backgrounds and beliefs.
The Buddha Avatar
Vikramaditya Mahattava Jinendra Suri Tava Pujita |
Sarvadeva Kalaye Kambani Sarada Krishnarjunam Sakhi Dhrutasthitastava ||
(Bhagavatha Purana)
There are some verses and hymns in Hindu texts and literature that acknowledge the Buddha as an avatar of Lord Vishnu. This verse is an example for it. This verse is found in the context of a story in the Bhagavatha Purana. These verses and hymns are not as widespread or established as those dedicated to more traditional Hindu dieties Like Shiva, Vishnu or Devi. The association of Siddharta Gautama as an avatar is a matter of interpretation and belief within specific sects of Hinduism.
The story of Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, is a central narrative in Buddhism. It tells the life journey of a prince who became a spiritual leader and founder of Buddhism.
Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini, a region in present-day Nepal, around 563-480 BCE. He was born into a royal family as the son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya. His birth was accompanied by miraculous events and the sage predicted that he would either become a great King or great spiritual Leader. Siddhartha's father, concerned about the prophecy, shielded him from the harsh realities of life by providing a life of luxury within the palace walls. He was kept away from suffering and hardship.
Despite the opulence of his life, Siddhartha became curious about the world beyond the palace walls. He ventured outside the palace and encountered the "Four Sights" - an old person, a sick person, a corpse and a wandering ascetic. These encounters profoundly affected him, making him realize the inevitability of suffering and death.
Dissatisfied with his life as a prince, Siddhartha made the momentous decision to renounce his princely status and embark on a quest for spiritual enlightenment. He left the palace, his wife Yashodhara and their infant son Rahula behind.
Siddhartha embarked on a spiritual journey, seeking answers to the nature of suffering and the path to liberation from it. He studied under various spiritual teachers and engaged in rigorous ascetic practices. However, he found these approaches unsatisfactory and ultimately embraced a Middle Way-a balanced path between self-indulgence and extreme ascetism.
After years of meditation and contemplation, Siddhartha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, India. This moment of realization is often referred to as his "awakening." He gained deep insights into the causes of suffering and the way to overcome it.
Following his enlightenment, Siddhartha became known as the Buddha, which means "The Awakened One." He spent the remainder of his life teaching his insights. He formulated the Four Noble Truths, which are the foundation of Buddhist philosophy. These truths address the nature of suffering, its causes, the possibility of cessation and the Eightfold Path as a means to end suffering.
The Buddha's teachings attracted a following and he established a monastic community that played a vital role in preserving and propagating his teachings. His teachings, known as Dharma, spread throughout India and eventually to other parts of the World.
The Buddha spent the later years of his life teaching and traveling. He passed away at the age of 80 in Kushinagar, India. This event, known as the Parinirvana, marked his physical death, but his teachings continued to influence countless people and gave rise to the religion of Buddhism.
The life story of Siddhartha Gautama, from Prince to Buddha, is a powerful narrative that continues to inspire millions of Buddhists worldwide, emphasizing the pursuit of enlightenment and alleviation of human suffering.
The Kalki Avatar
Shambhal graam mukhyasya Brahmanasya Mahatmanaa |
Bhavane Vishnuyashasa Kalki Pradur Bhavishyati ||
(Bhagavatha Purana)
This verse says that, "The Chief Holy Brahmin(Priest) of the Village - Shambhal, the future at the home of the aforementioned- Vishnuyashasa, "The destroyer of the Evil" will arise."
Kalki, the tenth avatar of Lord vishnu in Hinduism's Dashavatara, is a prophesied future incarnation. he is described as the incarnation who appears at the end of Kali Yuga. He ends the darkest, degenerating and chaotic stage of the Kali Yuga to remove Adharma and ushers in the Satya Yuga, while riding white horse with a fiery sword. He will restart new cycle of time. He has been described as a Brahmin warrior in the Puranas. Kalki appears first time in the Mahabharata, i.e., in Satya Yuga.
In the Kalki Purana, Kalki is born into the family of Vishnuyashas and Sumati, in a village called Shambala on the thirteenth day during the fortnight of the waxing moon. Also, according to Kalki Purana, he will have siblings, Sumantha, Prajna and Kavi. He will have Yajnavalkya as his spiritual Guru. At the young age, he is taught the holy scriptures on topics such as Dharma, Karma, Artha, Jnana and on military trainings under the care of the Lord Parashurama (the 6th incarnation of Vishnu). kalki worships Shiva, who gets pleased by the devotion and provides him in return a divine white horse named Devadatta( a manifestation of Garuda), a powerful sword, whereby its handle is bedecked with jewels and parrot named Shuka, who is an all-knower; the past, the present and the future. Kalki returns to Shambala, inaugurates a new Yuga for the good and then goes to Vaikunta.
Kalki is believed to be a future savior who will appear at the end of the current age, Kali Yuga, which is characterized by moral and spiritual decline, chaos and corruption. His purpose is to restore righteousness and usher in a new age of truth and virtue, called Satya Yuga.
Kalki is often depicted as a divine warrior riding a white horse and carrying a sword. This symbolizes his role as a warrior who will combat evil and injustice. The concept of Kalki is primarily found in Hindu Puranas and scriptures. It is believed that Kalki will appear in a time of great suffering and societal decay, riding into battle to vanquish the forces of darkness.
Kalki's arrival signifies the end of the current age's cycle and the beginning of new era, characterized by spiritual purity and ethical living. His mission is to cleanse the world of impurities and reestablish Dharma.
The story of Kalki serves as a reminder of the cyclical nature of time and the belief in the eventual return of balance and virtue in the universe. It's important to note that the concept of Kalki is a part of Hindu eschatology, which deals with the study of the end of the world and the ultimate destiny of the Universe. While Kalki has not yet appeared, his future coming is significant aspect of Hindu belief and mythology.
Birth Anniversaries of each Incarnation
The Dashavatara refers to ten primary incarnations of Lord Vishnu in Hinduism, each avatar is associated with a specific "Jayanthi" which is birth anniversary or celebration day of that particular incarnation.
Matsya ----- Matsya Jayanthi ---- Chaitra Shukla Tritiya (Falls in March or April).
Kurma ----- Kurma Jayanthi ---- Vaishakha Shukla Chaturdashi ( Falls in April or May).
Varaha ----- Varaha Jayanthi ---- Bhadrapada Shukla Tritiya ( Falls in August or Sept).
Narasimha ----- Narasimha Jayanthi ---- Vaishakha Shukla Chaturdashi ( Falls in April or May).
Vamana ----- Vamana Jayanthi ---- Bhadrapada Shukla Dwadashi ( Falls in August or Sept).
Parashurama ----- Parashurama Jayanthi ---- Vaishakha Shukla Tritiya ( Falls in April or May).
Rama ----- Rama Jayanthi ---- Chaitra Shukla Navami( Falls in March or April).
Krishna ----- Krishna Jayanthi ---- Shravana Krishna Ashtami ( Falls in August or Sept).
Buddha ----- Buddha Jayanthi ---- Vaishakha Shukla Purnima( Falls in April or May).
Kalki ----- Kalki Jayanthi ---- Prophesies to appear in the future.
Yuga of each Incarnation
Matsya ---- Satya Yuga
Kurma ---- Satya Yuga
Varaha ---- Satya Yuga
Narasimha ---- Satya Yuga
Vamana ---- Treta Yuga
Parashurama ---- Treta Yuga
Rama ---- Treta Yuga
Krishna ---- Dwapara Yuga
Buddha ---- Kali Yuga
Kalki ---- Kali Yuga
Short Summary of each Avatar
Matsya Avatar:
Matsya rescued the sacred scriptures and the sage Manu during the catastrophic flood, symbolizing protection and preservation.
Kurma Avatar:
Kurma supported Mount Mandaara during the churning of the ocean, enabling the retrieval of the nectar of immortality, emphasizing the importance of balance and co-operation.
Varaha Avatar:
Varaha rescued the Earth by lifting it from the cosmic ocean, symbolizing the protection of righteousness and the restoration of balance.
Narasimha Avatar:
Narasimha emerged to protect his devotee Prahlada by defeating the demon Hiranyakashipu, illustrating the victory of good over evil.
Vamana Avatar:
Vamana, in his small form, humbled the demon king Bali, teaching the virtue of humility and demonstrating that one should not be blinded by power.
Parashurama Avatar:
Parashurama incarnated to rid the world of corrupt and oppressive Kshatriya warriors, restoring balance and justice.
Rama Avatar:
Rama, the epitome of virtue, upheld Dharma and righteousness. His life and teachings in the epic Ramayana continue to inspire moral conduct.
Krishna Avatar:
Krishna played a central role in Mahabharata, imparting the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred discourse on duty and righteousness and showcasing the essence of divine love and devotion.
Buddha Avatar:
Buddha avatar represents compassion, non-violence and enlightenment. His teachings guide followers on the path to liberation from suffering.
Kalki Avatar:
Kalki is prophesied to appear in the future to rid the world of corruption and evil, restoring Dharma and concluding the current cycle of existence.
Each avatar, in its unique way, contributes to the cosmic order and imparts valuable lessons to humanity, emphasizing the eternal principles of righteousness and virtue in Hindu philosophy.